Performance Measurement Essay Example for Free

Performance Measurement Essay Nowadays, businesses operate in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future (Arnold, 2005). Meanwhile, the economic crisis has turned that world upside down; it is a change for ever. The global economy was changed during the past two decades; because of globalization, the firms are not only trade or invest in the company’s domicile, but also trade or invest in other countries. Then management will face a lot of business risk in global economy. There are many different way to define risk; simply, risks are opportunities to be seized. Risk management identifies risks with new opportunities to increase the probability of positive outcomes and maximize returns. The aim of this essay is identify the global challenges and risks and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the company’s domicile. In the structure, firstly evaluate the current global economic situation and what is the challenge in this global economic situation. Secondly, identify the risks do companies face operation in uncertain global economy. Finally, it will consider and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the company’s domicile. Outline of this essay, It is no doubt that today it is a globalization, however, due to the global economic crisis in 2008, the global economy is uncertainly and unstable. According to Arnold (2005) businesses operate in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future. The global economy is divided into several situations.The one is low-income countries which CNI per capita of less than $936 and these countries have such serous social, political problems and economic that they represent limited opportunities for operations and investment. The next one is lower-middle-income countries which with a CNI per capita between $938 and $3705, such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The consumer markets countries are increasing rapidly. Then is the upper-middle-income countries which with CNI per capita between $3706 and $11455, Such as Chile, Malaysia, Venezuela. In these countries, they have strong education systems and high literacy rates, although wages are still significantly lower than in the advanced countries, it is rising rapidly. The last one is high-income countries which with CNI per capital higher or equal $11456. Such as Japan, Sweden, United States, Germany. (Keegan, Creen. 2011) However, the most representatives of current global economy situation are UE, USA, China

Mechanics: Statics And Dynamics :: essays research papers fc

Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.........................................................1 Chapter I. General Principles........................................2 I. Systems of Force.........................................4 II. Stress..................................................6 III. Properties of Material.................................7 IV. Bolted and Welded Joints................................10 V. Beams -- A Practical Application.........................13 VI. Beam Design.............................................17 VII. Torsional Loading: Shafts, Couplings, and Keys........19 VIII. Conclusion............................................20 BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................................21 INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mechanics is the physical science concerned with the dynamic behavior of bodies that are acted on by mechanical disturbances. Since such behavior is involved in virtually all the situations that confront an engineer, mechanics lie at the core of much engineering analysis. In fact, no physical science plays a greater role in engineering than does mechanics, and it is the oldest of all physical sciences. The writings of Archimedes covering bouyancy and the lever were recorded before 200 B.C. Our modern knowledge of gravity and motion was established by Isaac Newton (1642-1727).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mechanics can be divided into two parts: (1) Statics, which relate to bodies at rest, and (2) dynamics, which deal with bodies in motion. In this paper we will explore the static dimension of mechanics and discuss the various types of force on an object and the different strength of materials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term strength of materials refers to the ability of the individual parts of a machine or structure to resist loads. It also permits the selection of materials and the determination of dimensions to ensure the sufficient strength of the various parts. General Principles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before we can venture to explain statics, one must have a firm grasp on classical mechanics. This is the study of Newton's laws and their extensions. Newton's three laws were originally stated as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. The change of motion is proportional to the motive force impressed and is made in the direction in which that force is impressed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction; or the mutual actions of two bodies on each other are equal and direct to contrary parts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newton's law of gravitational attraction pertains to celestrial bodies or any object onto which gravity is a force and states: â€Å"Two particles will be attracted toward each other along their connecting line with a force whose magnitude is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the distance squared between the particles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one of the two objects is the earth and the other object is near the surface of the earth (where r is about 6400 km) / is essentially constant, then the attraction law becomes f = mg.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another essential law to consider is the Parallelogram Law.

A column Kahn

It was an event so delightful and so thought-wonderful that from it almost all our life in architecture stems. The arch, the vault and the dome mark equally evocative times when they knew what to do from how to do it and how to do it from what to do. Today these form and space phenomena are as good as they were yesterday and will always be good because they proved to be true to order and in time revealed their inherent beauty. In the architecture of stone the single stone became greater than the quarry. Stone and architectural order were one.A column when it is used should be still regardedas a great event in the making of What a column is in steel or concrete is not yet felt as a part of us. It must be differentfrom stone. Stone we know and feel its beauty. Materialwe now use in architecturewe know only for its superiorstrengthbut not for its meaningfulform. Concrete and steel must become greaterthan the engineer. The expected wondersin concrete and steel confront us. We know from t he spirit of architecturethat their characteristics must be in harmonywith the spaces that want to be and evoke what spaces can be.Forms and spaces today have not found their position in order though the ways of making things are new and resourceful. A space in architectureshows how it is made. The column or wall defines its length and breadth;the beam or vault its height. Nothing must intrude to blur the statement of how a space is made. The forms characterizing the great eras of architecture present themselves and tempt us to adapt them to concrete and steel. The solid stones become thinner and eye deceiving devices are found to hide the unwanted but inevitable services.Columns and beams omogenized with the partitions and ceiling tile concealing hangers, conduits, pipes and ducts deform the image of how a space is made or served and therefore presents no reflection of order and meaningful form. We are still imitating the architecture of solid stones. Building elements of solids an d voids are inherent in steel and concrete. These voids are in time with the service needs of spaces. This characteristic combined with space needs suggest new forms. One quality of a space is measured by its temperature by its light and by its ring.The intrusionof mechanicalspace needs can push forward and obscure form in tructure. Integrationis the way of nature. We can learn from nature. How a space is served with light air and quiet must be embodied in the space order concept which provides for the harbouring of these services. The nature of space is further characterized by the minor spaces that serve it. Storage-rooms, service-rooms and cubicals must not be partitioned areas of a single space structure, they must be given their own structure.The space order concept must extend beyond the harbouring of the mechanical services and include the â€Å"servant spaces† aJoining the spaces served. This will give meaningfulform to the hierarchyof spaces. Long ago they built with solid stones Today we must build with â€Å"hollow stones†. with a book goes to the light. A librarybegins that way. He will not go fifty feet away to an electric light. The carrellis the niche which could be the beginningof the space order and its structure. In a librarythe column always begins in light. Unnamed,the space made by the column structureevokes its use as a carrell.A man who reads in seminarwill look for the light but the light is somewhatsecondary. The readingroom is impersonal. t is the meeting in silence of the readersand their books. The large space, the small spaces, the unnamedspaces and the spaces that serve. The way they are formed with respect to light is the problemof all buildings. This one startswith a man who wants to read a book. Dedication Ritual is the chapel A chapel ofa university Ritual is inspired Dedication is personal Inspiredby a great teacher the fortunateyoung man winks to the chapel as he passes. He feels dedicationand performshis own r itual.He was there though he never opened its door. The rally centersthere and inspiresits own ritual. A man is honored there. Dedication is its essence. When I first came to Pisa I went straight in the direction of the Piazza. Nearing it and seeing a distant glimpse of the Tower filled me so that I stopped short to enter a shop where I bought an ill fitting English Jacket. Not daring to enter the Piazza I diverted to other streets toward it but never allowing myself to arrive. The next day I went straight for the Tower touched its marble and that of the Duomo and Baptistery. The next day I boldly entered the buildings.So it is with a universitychapel. Possibly a space protectedby an ambulatoryenteredfrom an arcade in a dimensionedgarden. near and don't enter and those who go in. House A house Home In a certain space it is good to sleep. In anotherit is good to dine or be with others. The serving spaces and the free spaces combine and are placed to the gardenor to the streetto sugge sttheir use. House implies a place good also for another. lt is that quality which is closer to architecture. It reflectsa way of life. It does not make small spaces for small people. Spaces transcend function. A House is more specific. Louis Kahn

Danger Diminishment Burning Causes And Uses Of Fires

A controlled or endorsed consume, otherwise called danger diminishment burning,blowback, swailing, or a consume off,is a procedure at times utilized as a part of backwoods administration, cultivating, prairie rebuilding or ozone depleting substance decrease. Fire is a characteristic piece of both woodland and field biology and controlled fire can be an instrument for foresters. Danger diminishment or controlled consuming is directed amid the cooler months to lessen fuel development and decline the probability of genuine more smoking fires.Controlled consuming fortifies the germination of some attractive backwoods trees, and uncovers soil mineral layers which builds seedling essentialness, in this manner reestablishing the woodland. A†¦show more content†¦Moreover, if the range is to be had relations with before planting, consuming first expends a significant part of the flotsam and jetsam. The outcome is all the more firmly pressed overnight boardinghouses better seedling su rvival. Where herbicides are utilized to execute rivalry, ensuing consuming will give extra vegetation control. This progression additionally allows more effective and less demanding development of hand-planting teams. Endorsed fire likewise reuses supplements, making them accessible for the following timber edit. Endorsed consuming is exceedingly suggested for natural life environment administration where loblolly, shortleaf, longleaf, or cut pine is the essential overstory species. Intermittent fire tends to support understory species that require a more open living space. A mosaic of consumed and unburned zones has a tendency to boost edge impact which advances a substantial and differed natural life populace. Deer, pigeon, quail, and turkey are amusement species that advantage from endorsed fire. Habitat Endorsed fire can enhance natural life environment. inclinations of a few imperiled animal types, including the Florida jaguar, gopher tortoise, indigo snake, and red cockaded woodpecker are likewise improved by consuming. Untamed life profits by consuming are significant. For instance, foods grown from the